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Covid-19: Update

King’s English จะดำเนินการต่อและให้ตัวเลือกต่อไปนี้แก่นักเรียนของเราทุกคน:

นักเรียนสามารถทำแบบฝึกหัดผ่านอินเทอร์เฟซการเรียนรู้ออนไลน์เช่น Skype หรือ Zoom

Just recently the Covid-19 situation has become increasingly worse once again and obviously worrying for all of us. Schools are closed or likely to be closed and will be offering online learning to supplement and replace all classroom teaching, homework assignments, examination preparation and project work. We here at King’s English will continue to work with students on their learning, school assignments and try to support each of them in terms of organisation, time management and other guidance as needed

King’s English will continue to operate as follows:

  • Students can have their tutorials delivered either in person or by an online learning interface such as Skype or Zoom. Remote methods of teaching and learning work well, and we have used online teaching and learning techniques for many years. Online tutorials are scheduled at the same time as their face-to-face counterparts or can be rescheduled if an alternative time is convenient for the student and the tutor.

At King’s English we are always here to discuss all matters relating to your education. Just because we are dealing with a health crisis does not mean that education is interrupted – your future is as important today as it ever was.

We look forward to hearing from you if you have any questions and let us all hope that the situation improves soon and we will be able to look back on this current pandemic in terms such as, “Do you remember when……...”

Best wishes to you all: I, my academic team and administrative team wish you and your family a happy, healthy, safe, and successful 2021.

Gary King

Director

Covid-19: Tutorial Procedures
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7 TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES

7 TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES TO FACILITATE YOUR WORK

So, today we’re going to talk about translation techniques. Just as there are different types of translation and different methods of translation, there are different techniques of translation.

Translation Methods VS Translation Technics

What is the difference between a translation method and a technique? It’s very simple: a method is applied to the entire text to be translated, while the technique may vary within the same text according to each case and depending on the specific verbal elements to be translated. The classical taxonomy of translation procedures dates back to 1958 and is the work of J. P. Vinay and J. Darbelnet. It consists of seven categories:

1. BORROWING

Borrowing is a translation procedure that involves using the same word or expression in original text in the target text. The word or expression borrowed is usually written in italics. This is about reproducing an expression in the original text as is. In this sense, it is a translation technique that does not actually translate…

Example: The gaucho was wearing a black sombrero and a worn old pair of bombachas.

2. CALQUE

When a translator uses a calque, he or she is creating or using a neologism in the target language by adopting the structure of the source language.

Example: The English word handball is translated into Spanish as balonmano. Or the English term skyscraper is gratte-ciel in French or rascacielos in Spanish.

3. LITERAL TRANSLATION

Usually this is called a literal translation or metaphrase. This means a word-for-word translation, achieving a text in the target language which is as correct as it is idiomatic. According to Vinay and Darbelnet, a literal translation can only be applied with languages which are extremely close in cultural terms. It is acceptable only if the translated text retains the same syntax, the same meaning and the same style as the original text.

Example: Quelle heure est-il? ⇒ What time is it?

5. MODULATION

Modulation is about changing the form of the text by introducing a semantic change or perspective.

Example: Maybe you’re right ⇒ Tu n’as peut-être pas tort.

6. EQUIVALENCE OR REFORMULATION

This is a translation procedure which uses a completely different expression to transmit the same reality. Through this technique, names of institutions, interjections, idioms or proverbs can be translated.

Example: Chat échaudé craint l’eau froide ⇒ Once burned, twice shy.

7. ADAPTATION

Adaptation, also called cultural substitution or cultural equivalent, is a cultural element which replaces the original text with one that is better suited to the culture of the target language. This achieves a more familiar and comprehensive text.

Example: baseball ⇒ football

Since the sixties, several authors (Michel Ballard, Hélène Chuquet, Michel Paillard, etc.) have established other methods of translation, such as explicitation (introducing specific details in the text of the target language), collocation (using a sequence of words that usually go together in the target language) and compensation (where an allusion or reference does not appear in one part of the text as in the source version, but later in the target text).

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